One of the world’s most endangered amphibians—the Mexican axolotl, known for its peculiar, perpetual smile—has shown signs of recovery after being released into artificial wetlands, according to a new study.
Scientists released 18 captive-bred axolotls into restored wetlands near Mexico City, closely monitoring their progress. Each axolotl was equipped with a radio tracking device, allowing researchers to follow their movements and behaviour. The animals not only survived but also thrived—successfully foraging and even gaining weight at both release sites.
Lead researcher Dr. Alejandra Ramos from the Autonomous University of Baja California called the results “amazing,” and the study—published in the journal PLoS One—offers renewed hope for the species’ long-term survival.
Historically, axolotls flourished in the waters of Xochimilco, a region shaped by ancient agricultural techniques and fed by mountain springs. However, the expansion of Mexico City brought urban sprawl, pollution, and habitat degradation, decimating wild populations. At one point, estimates suggested that only around 50 remained in the wild.
“If we lose this species, we lose part of our Mexican identity,” said co-lead researcher Dr Luis Zambrano from the National University of Mexico.
The axolotl holds deep cultural significance in Mexico. According to Aztec mythology, the creature represents Xolotl, the god of fire and lightning, who transformed into a salamander to escape death.
“If we can restore this [wetland] habitat and restore the axolotl’s population in a city of more than 20 million people,” Dr Zambrano continued, “I feel that we have hope for humanity.”
To prepare for the reintroduction, scientists collaborated with local farmers and volunteers to build wetland refuges. They installed natural water filtration systems to improve water quality, creating environments capable of supporting axolotl life once more.
Two release sites were used: one in Xochimilco and another at an abandoned quarry that had naturally evolved into an artificial wetland.
Every animal was tagged with a radio tracking device.
“The amazing news is that they all survived,” Dr Ramos said. “And not only that, but the ones that we recaptured had gained weight – so they’re hunting.”
The study not only tracked survival but also offered new insights into axolotl behaviour in semi-natural settings.
“We found that some spend most of their time with one other individual – like they make these little friendships,” Dr Ramos explained.
Interestingly, despite their near extinction in the wild, axolotls are widespread in laboratories and aquariums around the world. Their unique ability to regenerate limbs and organs makes them a subject of intense scientific research, especially for potential medical applications.
However, while this release marks a positive step, researchers stress that much more must be done to clean and restore axolotl habitats in and around Mexico City. Without sustained conservation efforts, the wild future of this iconic species remains uncertain.
“Many animals are losing their habitat around the world,” said Dr Ramos. “And restoration projects are not easy, but they can be done – they just need a lot of people.
“You don’t need to be a scientist to get involved – everybody in the world can help out.”
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