Wind Energy Breaks Records as the UK Shifts Further from Fossil Fuels

Wind power generated more electricity than ever in the UK last year, as the nation continues its transition away from fossil fuels, according to new data from the National Energy System Operator (Neso).

Wind turbines produced nearly 83 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity across Great Britain—an increase from 79 TWh in 2023. Other renewable sources, such as solar power, also saw growth, alongside increased electricity imports.

Electricity from major fossil fuel power stations fell to just over 26% of the total in 2024, while clean energy sources, including wind, solar, hydropower, bioenergy, and nuclear, collectively contributed 56%—a record high. The government aims to reduce electricity generation from polluting fossil fuels to less than 5% by 2030. Neso has described the government’s “Clean Power 2030 Action Plan” as “achievable” but challenging.

Since 2014, wind and solar energy have grown from supplying just 10% of Great Britain’s electricity to about one-third today, while fossil fuel generation has dropped by over half. This shift is largely due to the phase-out of coal, with the UK’s last coal-fired power station closing in 2024, and a gradual decline in gas usage. The result is a significant reduction in carbon emissions: in 2024, electricity generation produced an average of 124g of CO₂ per kilowatt-hour (kWh), down from 419g/kWh in 2014.

Despite these advancements, gas remains essential for maintaining a stable electricity supply during periods of low wind and solar output. For instance, in December 2024, gas accounted for over 60% of electricity generation during a three-day lull in wind power. Conversely, wind energy provided more than 50% of electricity on about 10 days in the same month when conditions were favorable.

The government’s clean energy strategy includes plans to keep gas power stations on standby to bridge gaps during low renewable output. Future solutions may include battery storage technologies to store excess energy generated during windy periods, as well as incentives for consumers to use electricity during times of high wind generation, such as reduced pricing.

However, the transition is not without challenges. Last month, Claire Coutinho, the Conservative shadow secretary for energy security, criticised Labour’s push for rapid decarbonisation by 2030, warning it could lead to higher electricity prices and financial hardship for households.

“We need cheap, reliable energy – not even higher bills,” she said.

As the UK accelerates its clean energy goals, the 2024 data highlights the progress made and the hurdles that remain in creating a reliable, low-carbon electricity system.